Dr. Ravi Shroff and colleauges have new chapter, Empirical Approaches to Identify Systemic Discrimination in Policing, in the forthcoming 5th Edition of Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective. The chapter describes three general approaches to empirically assess disparate impacts in policing and illustrates them using examples from Nashville, Chicago, and New York City.
Check out some other work by Dr. Shroff on his website.